Themes, Symbols, and Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

Themes and Symbols in The Catcher in the Rye The theme that the world has an outward appearance that seems fair and perfect but really they're as Holden put it "phonies." This is shown countless amount of times in his journey through New York and even before he left. The setting is in the 1950's; so I'm pretty sure that he didn't encounter any transvestites, lesbians, or anything that extreme of phoniest. Or on the other hand he could have liked them for being as Elmemson said a "none conformist." But I doubt it, he seemed to like kids more than anything. And his job, as he felt, was to protect them in their innocents; of which I will talk about in my second theme. The first example that stands out in my mind is the scene with Stradlater in the "can." If you remember Stradlater was getting ready for his other date while Holden watched him. "Stradlater was a secret slob" in public he always looked good and got all the girls but in fact he was a slob. His razor that made him look so good was "rusty as hell and full on lather and hair and crap." This proves that he is a slob to "never clean it or anything." If you think about it that's even worst than Old Ackley. At least Ackley knew that he had a problem, that he need to do something about his face; but Stradlater thought that he was a great guy. He actually thought that there was nothing wrong with never washing his razor. I think that what mad, Holden so made Stradlater was perpetrating in other word being "phony" every time he went out all GQ after using that filthy razor. Another instance is when he calls that girl in New York, Faith Cavendish, that Eddie Birdsell had brought to a dance at Princeton. Anyway he called her and she almost went off until Holden drooped Eddie's name. Then all of a sudden "she was getting friendly as hell." The same person said "if you think I enjoy bein' woke up in the middle-" was "getting an english accent all of a sudden." I think Holden caught her with her faÿade down.

Public and Private Language Essay

1. The author didn’t like the American words that children used to address their parents (Mother, Father) because those words didn’t have for him the special, tender sounds that his origin language of Spanish had. He hated those American words but also didn’t use the Spanish words- mama and papa- because they painfully reminded him of how much his life had changed after English became his primary language. 2. The real reason for the author’s continuous silence was the difficulty in expressing his words in the English language. He simply didn’t know how to speak in English. 3. According to the reading: Public language – the English language spoken by teachers and children in school, by the people in the author’s community, and within public society in general. Private language – the language at home between family members Public identity – certain kinds of characteristics shared among children in school, the membership of school society Private identity- certain kinds of characteristics shared among family members at home, which defined this group Summary In Public and Private Language, the author Richard Rodriguez talks about his experience with English, which was his secondary language, the obstacles he had to over come as a young boy, and the effect English language had on his life. Richard Rodriguez came from a Mexican-American family, where the only language they spoke at home was Spanish. The author talks about the problems he had with learning the English language once he became a student. Due to the difficulties he had with expressing his thoughts and ideas in a new language, he often was quiet and wasn’t active in school. The teachers were concerned about his education and decided to encourage his parents to get involved in solving this problem. After that the author realized the immediate change in his parents’ behavior. Everybody in the house started to talk in English more often. Rodriquez wasn’t necessarily happy with this change because his â€Å"private† language was replaced with the â€Å"public† language of los gringos, and he felt like the intimacy of his family wasn’t the same anymore. As his English improved over time, he couldn’t find the easing tenderness in English words like â€Å"Mother† and â€Å"Father† that he could find in Spanish words when he addressed his parents. Although there are many obstacles and dark sides of the English language, the author significantly improved his English over time.

Living in a multicultural society takes time - 1547 Words

‘Living in a multicultural society takes time.’ To what extend is this illustrated by the challenge of multicultural societies in the UK? (40) A multicultural society is the status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups coexisting in harmony in the same society. From the early 19th century people have immigrated to England, developing its diversity. During World War 2 polish and Jewish people immigrated to the UK to escape fascism. Also as the UK is part of the European Union, free and fair movement between the 28 member states means that there are no limits on immigration between these countries. This has seen it compulsory for the UK to adapt and change in order to accommodate for these individuals. For†¦show more content†¦The school adapting to changes in requirements shows they are accepting of a multicultural society, it has taken time to cater for these differing ethnic minorities. On the other hand, faith schools have developed in some areas to teach children according to a particular religion. Faith schools make up around a third of the education system. This limits choice for parents who do not want a religious education for their children, or do not share the faith of their local school. For example, in hackney Lubavitch Senior Girls School is a strictly orthodox, small secondary school for girls only. Liberal secularists argue that faith schools have no place in a growing diverse population as they promote segregation. Children should be educated around others from all religions and cultures as it is a truer representation of society. Moreover, enclaves of ethnic minorities are likely to locate near a school of their own faith this demotes integration and interaction within the community, resulting in a lack of understanding of others which consequently can cause racial tensions. Conservative people would argue that parents should have the right to bring a child according to religion and they should be able to continue to practise the religion at school. Faith schools demote integration with others who do not share the same beliefs; this is evidence to show that as long as there is faith schools in the UK ethnic minorities will never coexist inShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism1042 Words   |  5 Pagesmany different cultural/ethnic groups live together within the same society. In a multicultural society, there is not an official culture that every person must be a part of. Instead, all cultures are respected as much as each other. In general, a multicultural society is formed when people from many different countries all migrate to one place. For example, 10% of the UK’s population consists of different racial groups. Multicultural cities are called cosmopolitans. **** If you walk down anyRead MoreThe Impact Of Multiculturalism On A Multicultural Community1345 Words   |  6 Pagescultures in the community in order to be sensitive to a multicultural community. Each program that is in a multicultural area should have a balance of awareness, knowledge and skill, without these understanding the program will not succeed. For example, without awareness the individual will not understand the importance of the information or how the information could be used with skill. The take away understanding of the multicultural perspective is understood as having positive values in theRead MoreNobody Calls Me A Wog Anymore1137 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted calling me ‘the Australian poet, Komninos!’† (Line 62-67) Here we are shown the transition Australian society has made over time. From a racist, unfriendly Australia, into a multicultural modern society welcoming to all people. Komninos is asking his readers if it was truly necessary to segregate the population with those who seem somewhat ‘un Australian’. He’s part of a multicultural Australia. When will everyone else follow? For an Australian who’s been overseas, you will have heard theRead MoreEducation Article Critique Essay example1097 Words   |  5 Pages1998). She then claims that if all these items are true that we are not living in a free country and that certain opportunities are available to whites. She concludes by stating that she thinks that social systems need to be redesigned. I am a white female so I was able to place myself in the author’s shoes. I grew up in an upper middle class neighborhood went to a good school and I think my school was taught with a multicultural curriculum. I was culturally aware of everyone around me and of theRead MoreHigher Education For International Students998 Words   |  4 Pagescultural communication. â€Å"Over 60% of the survey respondents reported their agreement that the UK was a tolerant society, with more than on in 10 (12%) indicating strong agreement. †(Schweisfurth and Gu, 2009) Not only possibly could it broaden horizons of the international students, but also improve their learning skills. 2.1Broaden horizons through multicultural society Multicultural means including multiple people who have varying manners and faiths (Cambridge dictionaries online). In 2004, UKCOSARead More The Effectiveness of a Multicultural and Bilingual Education1198 Words   |  5 PagesEffectiveness of a Multicultural and Bilingual Education 1 There is a lot of controversy concerning our public educational programs. Opinions and lifestyles differ; [-- often] Often what is beneficial for one group of people is counterproductive for another group. Educational issues are complex and sensitive; [-- therefore] Therefore, we must analyze both sides of the issue before we make a decision. Two controversial issues in todays public educational program are multicultural and bilingualRead MoreFeminist Vs. Postmodern Therapies928 Words   |  4 Pagesthen used to form a new narrative and goals for the client to overcome their dilemma. From a multicultural standpoint, narrative therapist operate on the premise that problems are identified within social, cultural, political and relational context rather than existing within the individuals(Corey, 2013, pg. 420). Clients from different ethnic backgrounds try and mold themselves to the dominant society and social constructionism is a perfect example of that. A limitation based on veterans PTSDRead MoreA Novel Of Emigration And Assimilation1201 Words   |  5 Pagesself-empowerment and happiness. Mukherjee uses the movielike techniques of flashback and cross-cutting to fuse Jasmine’s past and present. The novel is immersed in violence. The book begins with the twenty-four-year-old narrator, Jane Ripplemeyer, living as the wife of Bud Ripplemeyer, a fifty-four-year-old worthless banker in Baden, Elsa County, Iowa. Jane recalls her story from when she was younger in Hasnapur, a village in Jullundhar District, Punjab, India, where she was born as Jyoti, the unwelcomedRead MoreMulticultural Competence Is The Appreciation And Understanding Of Different Cultures And Individuals From Those Cultures853 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural competence is the appreciation and understanding of different cultures and individuals from those cultures. In order for one to be fully multicultural competent one needs to broaden one’s perspective and keep learning. Being multicultural competent is a long process in itself but with time one can development this â€Å"tool† and will help one be a more compassionate human being with deeper understanding of the diversity in our world. The hallmark of multicultural competence is to be ableRead MoreMulticultural Psychology Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesbackgrounds interact defines multicultural psychology. Many consider multicultural psychology a fourth force in psychology study. Communication, interactions, research, and investigations into human behaviors give insight into how different cultures interact socially and how they live among the different ethnic groups. Many issues have emerged in multicultural psychology. Two issues discussed in this paper, cultural identity and baby boomers, describe some of the effects on multicultural psychology. Cultural

The Transformation of Procter Gamble Into a Sustainable...

The Transformation of Procter Gamble into a Sustainable Serial Innovator A New CEO It is June 6, 2010. A few minutes before a business meeting in California A.G. Lafley, Procter Gamble ´s President – Global Beauty Care and North America receives a phone call from John Pepper, Chairman of PG. John Pepper gets right to the point: â€Å"Are you prepared to accept the CEO job at PG?† Durk Jager who has been PG ´s CEO resigned the day before after 30 years of service for PG. Without too many questions A.G. Lafley accepts John Pepper ´s offer. He becomes PG ´s new CEO. What happened under Durk Jager PG is renowned for its innovations. Products such as Tide, the first synthetic detergent, or Pampers, the first mass disposable diaper, or†¦show more content†¦Lafley underwrites the strategy that Jager pursued. He, too, feels the need for more innovation. And also in Lafley ´s mind the new global product-based organization structure is the right one in order to get more advantage out of innovations (see Att. 1 for PG ´s organization structure, and Att. 2 for PG ´s Purpose Statement). But when Lafley takes over as CEO he sees the need to improve PG ´s execution, and to take much better care and to grow the core business which has been milked before in order to invest in new brands and products. Under his leadership PG focuses on a few simple but powerful topics: †¢ PG puts the consumer at the center of everything they do. Lafley coins the phrase: â€Å"The consumer is boss†. †¢ PG makes sustainable organic growth the priority instead of acquisitions. †¢ PG ´s opens up its innovation system, it innovates innovation. This latter change towards an open innovation system is probably the most revolutionary one. It is based on the following simple logic: PG has about 9000 employees in RD working in 150 scientific fields. And the potential of this RD organization has even grown over the last few years as the sharing of ideas and expertise and the formation of networks is being fostered through intranet sites such as PG ´s InnovationNet. PG has close to 30,000 patents and each year another 5,000 are added on average. But on the other hand, counting the numberShow MoreRelatedI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesCross Cultural Comparison of India and China’, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad paper; Goel et al summarise some of the existing approaches as follows: ‘leader manager’ (Mill, 1848; Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1986; McClelland, 1961); ‘innovator’ (Schumpeter, 1934); ‘risk taker’ (Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1986); ‘with internal locus of control’ (Rotter, 1966; as in B H, 1986); and ‘different from managers’ (Penrose); quoting Cunnigham and Lischeron (1991), who understood the term from theRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesinstance, the rate above is an annual rate. The variance that is entered into the model also has to be an 13 annualized variance. The variance, estimated from ln(asset prices), can be annualized easily because variances are linear in time if the serial correlation is zero. Thus, if monthly (weekly) prices are used to estimate variance, the variance is annualized by multiplying by twelve (fifty two). Illustration 5.2: Valuing an option using the Black-Scholes Model On March 6, 2001, Cisco SystemsRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesimpact on the society and that development in society in turn supports the company to pursue its business successfully . (b) Actively manages the economic, social, environmental and human rights. This approach is derived from the principles of sustainable development and good corporate governance. Marketing managers within different firms will see some social issues as more relevant than others. The relevance of a given social issue is determined by the company’s products, promotional efforts, andRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 605 CASE STUDY Ministry of Sound Richard Whittington The Ministry of Sound went from start-up to maturity in little over a decade. The case raises issues concerning both business strategy, particularly regarding sustainable competitive advantage and resources, and corporate strategy, particularly regarding diversiï ¬ cation and internationalisation. There are also issues of ownership and organisation. In the end, the fundamental question is: what future for the MinistryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication and leadership skills distinguish managers such as John Chambers, who rise to the top of their profession. Chambers is CEO of Cisco Systems, the world’s largest maker of networking equipment. He is respected as a visionary leader and innovator who has the ability to drive an entrepreneurial culture. As an effective communicator, Chambers is described as warmhearted and straight talking. In this photo Cha mbers speaks during a launch ceremony of a green technology partnership Cisco formedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages where the primary output is that one gets only more low-integrity data faster than before. This experience has been clarifying how these management innovations have been necessary conditions for information and Internet technology to generate sustainable business results. MANAGEMENT INNOVATION CAN INCREASE BUSINESS GROWTH To put these basic forces for American economic growth into perspective, it is essential to recognize that this innovation in business management and leadership over the lastRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesNegotiation 233 9 The Cultural School Strategy Formation as a Collective Process 263 10 The Environmental School Strategy Formation as a Reactive Process 285 I I The Configuration School Strategy Formation as a Process of Transformation 301 12 Hang On, Ladies and Gentlemen, You Have Yet to Meet the Whole Beast References 375 Index 397 349 EMBARKATION T his trip began with a paper by Henry called Strategy Formation: Schools of Thought, published by Jim FredricksonRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesproject management has spread to all avenues of work. Today, project teams carry out everything from port expansions to hospital restructuring to upgrading information systems. They are creating next generation, fuel efficient vehicles, developing sustainable sources of energy, and exploring the farthest reaches of outer space. The impact of project management is most profound in the electronics industry, where the new folk heroes are young professionals whose Herculean efforts lead to the constant flow

A Brief Note On Air And Water Pollution - 964 Words

There was a unique policy window for air and water pollution because of the fast growing involvement with the Environmental movement. On April 22nd 1970 the nation held it s first Earth Day. Americans were eager to participate to demonstrate their loyalty to the planet. This accompanied by Nixon and other policy entrepreneurs ability to obtain a better solution to the air quality problem, resulted in the Clean Air Act. It was easier to generate the public’s support because public health became such a concern. Environmental issues were becoming visible to those who didn t care before. The Cuyahoga River fire in Ohio was one of many problems being discovered by the public. The Santa Barbra oil spill and large amounts of smog in cities like Los Angeles, all allowed people to see the real issues with pollution. Pollution became such a visible issue to the public because it directly affected them, they were more inclined to support environmental policy. Once the public made it clear that air pollution was a major concern, President Richard Nixon began to aggressively support the environmental issues. After the massive participation in the first Earth Day in 1970, Nixon signed an executive order to establish the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA was created to be primarily in control of the Clean Air Act regulations and enforcement. Senator Edmund Muskie was another key political entrepreneur for the CAA. It was believed to be that Muskie was going to be Nixon sShow MoreRelatedPositive helpful Technology Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pagesthey enter college and work force. Even the environment is impacted when we stop to take the time to research the things we use like lawn mowers, so much pollution can be avoided just by using the new advancements of electric lawn mowers, and engines and now that we have this new technology our environment can be less impacted by the pollution the once had produced. Technology has had ma ny positive helpful affects on , health , education, and the environment Positive technology has led to the abilityRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Life Quality1367 Words   |  6 Pagesits realm. Somebody praises this policy and proposes that such a policy of no speed limits for highways should be spread worldwide. While others who are conservative keep opposite because of fuel consumption, pollution, and safety. Although car emission contributes a lot to the entire pollution in the world, with a high fuel taxation policy and ensured traffic safety by car and highway quality, speed limits for highways are not indispensable. The very concern about speed limits for highways isRead MoreGuinea Grass And The Mango Tree1627 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironments do require significant physiological alterations necessary to survive. For example, the Atacama Desert is devoid of all forms of life. 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Multidisciplinary Research In Engineering - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multidisciplinary Research In Engineering? Answer: Introduction Compatibility is defined as the capacity for two systems to work together without any interference (Kirkham Tipper, 2015). The article by Hoffmann and Chan (2011) mainly gave idea about compatibility by examining the design and spatial relationship for designing four-burner stoves. The concept of compatibility was explained by looking at spatial management of stove hotplates and their associated controls. The aim of the research was to examine compatibility between controls and hotplates to improve spatial relations. The research mainly pointed out that compatibility between two systems is dependent on spatial relationship. For example, stimulus displays vary with changes in spatial characteristics and spatial arrangement of stimuli decides response elements. The article by Hoffmann and Chan, (2011) proposed improving the compatibility and spatial relationship of four stove burner by displacing the hotplates or to change the design of the controls. Hence, the evidence mainly reveale d that level of compatibility is dependent on spatial organization. Another concept described in the article is about congruence. Congruence is a term on engineering field which refers to the congruence of two objects if they have same shape and size. Hence, spatial congruence is dependent on geometric congruity of two objects. Just like spatial compatibility, by Hoffmann and Chan (2011) analyzed spatial congruence in four plate stove and showed that spatial congruence is necessary to determine stereotype strength. The researcher tried to change location of control and stove. Congruence between control and hotplate was achieved when they were placed in a spatially similar location. Hence, the concept of spatial congruence helped the researcher to design the best arrangement for controls and hotplates. 100 responses were received when hotplate was arranged in a geometrically similar manner to control arrangement. Implications for ergonomic principles and human factor principle By reviewing the spatial compatibility and spatial congruence between control and hotplates while designing four plate stove, the study gave implications about human factors and ergonomic principles in the context of stove designs. For instance, the importance of controlling the line of symmetry of the hotplates was displayed by the researcher. The analysis of response gave idea about the ergonomic principle that achieving high level of spatial congruence is likely to eliminate problem in designing any machines like that of stove. Past ergonomic research has not studies about linkage between hotplate and control, unique and inconsistent linkage was found in these plates. Therefore, Hoffmann and Chan (2011) gave idea about best spatial compatibility and linkage between hotplates and controls. The study findings showed that while trying to develop ergonomically good design, it is necessary to consider mapping and spatial congruence factor. Beside the ergonomic principles, Hoffmann and Chan (2011) also gave idea about taking human factor approach in designing ergonomically good products. This means taking user-centered design approach so that physical and mental characteristic of human users is analyzed to minimize limitations in any equipment design (Szalma, 2014). Hoffmann and Chan, (2011) took user centered approach to investigate about the linkage between hotplates and control by directly asking participants about arrangements that they prefer between controls and hotplates. Such consideration is likely to produce user-friendly designs. Best design based on the results obtained from experiment with the second group: In the study investigating about different spatial arrangement of stove hotplates and controls to the design of four burner stoves, two groups were taken to determine preferred arrangements. The second group were given hotplates locations and asked to place controls. The second approach was useful because as it helped to discriminate arrangements which had high special congruence and high compatibility. In the second method, participants were given seven sets of hotplate/control arrangements (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). The seven designs from the second group were as given in the figure below: Of these seven designs, five designs had high degree of spatial compatibility. Some design had good spatial congruence where as some has good scale value (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). However, to decide the best designs from the seven designs, my criteria for best designs includes spatial congruence and good operability of the stove. Hence, I would prefer those designs that has good spatial congruence and had practical arrangements that are marketing to use on a daily basis. According to my preference, best design is one that has high efficiency for operation and good practical arrangements. I would also prefer a design that has more space on the front instead of back. Hence, in terms of these criterions for selecting best stove design, I choose design 3 as the best design for four plate stove. This is because design 3 has spatial congruence and it has more stave on the front of the stove too. This would enhance practice use of the stoves. The study also proved that designs that have high spatial congruence between controls and hotplates are preferred by people. Suggestion for HMI improvements in design: Design 3 had good spatial congruence and good expectancies, which was main reason for nominating this stove as the best design. However, based on human-machine interface (HMI) system, another HMI related improvement that I would want in the stove designs includes the following: Firstly, apart from high expectancy of operation, I would suggest that stove should also be designed by considering safety standards needed in design. Hence, instead of deciding location of hotplates and controls based on spatial congruence, the arrangement that promotes best safety standard should also be considered (Sabattini et al., 2017). In the study by Hoffmann and Chan, (2011), preference rating method was used to evaluate responses of participants related to best designs. For stoves design, best design should also be decided on the basis of well-designed HMI system. HMI system is the tool that enhances reliable operation of any machine (Khairnar et al., 2015). Focus on well-considered HMI design is important because HMI systems are the main contact point between machine and the user. Hence, a good HMI system may help users to give better preference to such products. Therefore, it is suggested to considered ways to optimize users experience by focusing both on ergonomic operation as well as contemporary styles of stoves. Manufacturers who are aiming to adapt an intuitive design for stoves should also pay attention to environment consideration to meet system durability requirements in HMI (Boy, 2017). Reference Boy, G. A. (Ed.). (2017).The handbook of human-machine interaction: a human-centered design approach. CRC Press. Hoffmann, E. R., Chan, A. H. (2011). Alternative approaches to the design of four-burner stoves. economics,54(9), 777-791. Khairnar, P. P., Wanjara, A. G., Bhosale, R., Kamble, S. (2015). Human machine interface.Multidisciplinary Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 31-35. Kirkham, A. J., Tipper, S. P. (2015). Spatial compatibility interference effects: a double dissociation between two measures.Visual cognition,23(8), 1043-1060. Sabattini, L., Villani, V., Czerniak, J. N., Mertens, A., Fantuzzi, C. (2017). Methodological approach for the design of a complex inclusive human-machine system.arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.08461. Szalma, J. L. (2014). On the application of motivation theory to human factors/ergonomics: Motivational design principles for humanpsychology interaction.Human factors,56(8), 1453-1471.

Light In August By Faulkner Essays - Modernist Literature

Light in August by Faulkner "...a man's future is inherent in that man..." -Faulkner Faulkner's Light in August is a metaphor. In fact it is many metaphors, almost infinitely many. It is a jumble of allusions, themes, portraits, all of them uniquely important, many of them totally unrelated. In fact no 20th century writer has even approached the sheer quantity of symbolism Faulkner packed into every page, with, perhaps, the exception of James Joyce who went so far as to surpass Faulkner in this regard. So obviously it would be foolish to attempt to trace every line, follow every branch to its root, one could spend a lifetime dissecting the book in this manner. Fortunately, in the midst of this menagerie of wonders, there are dominate themes. There are veins of meaning that permeate throughout. Chief among them; Faulkner's study of 20th century man's search for identity, and his compassionate portrait of the origins of evil. I have come from Alabama a fur piece (Faulkner, p.3). The reader begins the book in this manner, following the simple-minded and determined Lena as she travels, neither coming nor going, simply moving. Immediately the book draws into her past, relating events leading up to this point, explaining her motives. One gets a definite feel for her character, and settles into her narrative, but as soon as this happens, the book switches gears, turning instead to a vague character, Joe Christmas. With little introduction, or warning, the book reels into Joe's past, catching the reader totally unaware and throwing off the entire continuity of the book. Faulkner's desire for unity and coherence in the pattern is not as strong as is his desire for truth to individual response (Reed, p.123). Thus Lena is a frame, she serves only to accentuate Christmas's story, by contrast. Faulkner demands the reader follow, and realize this. So we now see Christmas's childhood. From the beginning, Christmas is two things. One, he is a totally clean slate in that he has no idea whatsoever of his past, his origins. He is neither predestined to good nor evil, simply born. By this same token, Christmas is left confused. Because he has no idea of his origins, he has no idea of self, even to the extent of not being sure of his race. Christmas is thoroughly alone in the world, irredeemably separate from everyone. "Well, here I am" (Faulkner, p.134). This is the first thing The boy Christmas says. A fitting statement on his utter aloneness. While Christmas is emotionally alone, he is not left alone by others. Light in August reiterates its themes by a series of different dramatic scenes acted by different examples of the same types (Gold, p.41). McEarhern and the dietitian are essentially the same: Authority figures who try to force on him their own ideas of who he is, or who they want him to be. And the two, identical, dramatic scenes acted by different examples of the same types, are these: When Christmas is carried off by the insane janitor, and when Christmas faints after spending hours standing while McEarhern tries to force him to learn a pointless Catechism. Both scenes involve Christmas's inability to resist, as authority figures try to determine who he will be. Both scenes end with Christmas being more confused than ever, yet more unwilling than ever to commit to either picture of him self. The dietitian does all in her power to convict Christmas of being a Negro, and then, his foster father, McEarhern, tries to force on Christmas an ideology totally foreign to him. McEarhern uses extreme Calvinism to mold Christmas into a purely moral person, while the dietitian tries to force Christmas into a state of immorality, or at least portray him as such. Forces beyond his control work against him, trying to force him in ways he is not, sending him in contradicting paths. Inevitably he rebels against these forces, finding refuge in immorality, a whore, and later going so far as to strike out against his oppressor, his own father, killing him. This final act of defiance is not so much an act of pure malice, but rather an irrepressible reaction to the extreme Calvinism. So extreme morality has led Christmas to an act