The Transformation of Procter Gamble Into a Sustainable...

The Transformation of Procter Gamble into a Sustainable Serial Innovator A New CEO It is June 6, 2010. A few minutes before a business meeting in California A.G. Lafley, Procter Gamble ´s President – Global Beauty Care and North America receives a phone call from John Pepper, Chairman of PG. John Pepper gets right to the point: â€Å"Are you prepared to accept the CEO job at PG?† Durk Jager who has been PG ´s CEO resigned the day before after 30 years of service for PG. Without too many questions A.G. Lafley accepts John Pepper ´s offer. He becomes PG ´s new CEO. What happened under Durk Jager PG is renowned for its innovations. Products such as Tide, the first synthetic detergent, or Pampers, the first mass disposable diaper, or†¦show more content†¦Lafley underwrites the strategy that Jager pursued. He, too, feels the need for more innovation. And also in Lafley ´s mind the new global product-based organization structure is the right one in order to get more advantage out of innovations (see Att. 1 for PG ´s organization structure, and Att. 2 for PG ´s Purpose Statement). But when Lafley takes over as CEO he sees the need to improve PG ´s execution, and to take much better care and to grow the core business which has been milked before in order to invest in new brands and products. Under his leadership PG focuses on a few simple but powerful topics: †¢ PG puts the consumer at the center of everything they do. Lafley coins the phrase: â€Å"The consumer is boss†. †¢ PG makes sustainable organic growth the priority instead of acquisitions. †¢ PG ´s opens up its innovation system, it innovates innovation. This latter change towards an open innovation system is probably the most revolutionary one. It is based on the following simple logic: PG has about 9000 employees in RD working in 150 scientific fields. And the potential of this RD organization has even grown over the last few years as the sharing of ideas and expertise and the formation of networks is being fostered through intranet sites such as PG ´s InnovationNet. PG has close to 30,000 patents and each year another 5,000 are added on average. But on the other hand, counting the numberShow MoreRelatedI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesCross Cultural Comparison of India and China’, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad paper; Goel et al summarise some of the existing approaches as follows: ‘leader manager’ (Mill, 1848; Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1986; McClelland, 1961); ‘innovator’ (Schumpeter, 1934); ‘risk taker’ (Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1986); ‘with internal locus of control’ (Rotter, 1966; as in B H, 1986); and ‘different from managers’ (Penrose); quoting Cunnigham and Lischeron (1991), who understood the term from theRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesinstance, the rate above is an annual rate. The variance that is entered into the model also has to be an 13 annualized variance. The variance, estimated from ln(asset prices), can be annualized easily because variances are linear in time if the serial correlation is zero. 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A Brief Note On Air And Water Pollution - 964 Words

There was a unique policy window for air and water pollution because of the fast growing involvement with the Environmental movement. On April 22nd 1970 the nation held it s first Earth Day. Americans were eager to participate to demonstrate their loyalty to the planet. This accompanied by Nixon and other policy entrepreneurs ability to obtain a better solution to the air quality problem, resulted in the Clean Air Act. It was easier to generate the public’s support because public health became such a concern. Environmental issues were becoming visible to those who didn t care before. The Cuyahoga River fire in Ohio was one of many problems being discovered by the public. The Santa Barbra oil spill and large amounts of smog in cities like Los Angeles, all allowed people to see the real issues with pollution. Pollution became such a visible issue to the public because it directly affected them, they were more inclined to support environmental policy. Once the public made it clear that air pollution was a major concern, President Richard Nixon began to aggressively support the environmental issues. After the massive participation in the first Earth Day in 1970, Nixon signed an executive order to establish the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA was created to be primarily in control of the Clean Air Act regulations and enforcement. Senator Edmund Muskie was another key political entrepreneur for the CAA. It was believed to be that Muskie was going to be Nixon sShow MoreRelatedPositive helpful Technology Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pagesthey enter college and work force. Even the environment is impacted when we stop to take the time to research the things we use like lawn mowers, so much pollution can be avoided just by using the new advancements of electric lawn mowers, and engines and now that we have this new technology our environment can be less impacted by the pollution the once had produced. 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Multidisciplinary Research In Engineering - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multidisciplinary Research In Engineering? Answer: Introduction Compatibility is defined as the capacity for two systems to work together without any interference (Kirkham Tipper, 2015). The article by Hoffmann and Chan (2011) mainly gave idea about compatibility by examining the design and spatial relationship for designing four-burner stoves. The concept of compatibility was explained by looking at spatial management of stove hotplates and their associated controls. The aim of the research was to examine compatibility between controls and hotplates to improve spatial relations. The research mainly pointed out that compatibility between two systems is dependent on spatial relationship. For example, stimulus displays vary with changes in spatial characteristics and spatial arrangement of stimuli decides response elements. The article by Hoffmann and Chan, (2011) proposed improving the compatibility and spatial relationship of four stove burner by displacing the hotplates or to change the design of the controls. Hence, the evidence mainly reveale d that level of compatibility is dependent on spatial organization. Another concept described in the article is about congruence. Congruence is a term on engineering field which refers to the congruence of two objects if they have same shape and size. Hence, spatial congruence is dependent on geometric congruity of two objects. Just like spatial compatibility, by Hoffmann and Chan (2011) analyzed spatial congruence in four plate stove and showed that spatial congruence is necessary to determine stereotype strength. The researcher tried to change location of control and stove. Congruence between control and hotplate was achieved when they were placed in a spatially similar location. Hence, the concept of spatial congruence helped the researcher to design the best arrangement for controls and hotplates. 100 responses were received when hotplate was arranged in a geometrically similar manner to control arrangement. Implications for ergonomic principles and human factor principle By reviewing the spatial compatibility and spatial congruence between control and hotplates while designing four plate stove, the study gave implications about human factors and ergonomic principles in the context of stove designs. For instance, the importance of controlling the line of symmetry of the hotplates was displayed by the researcher. The analysis of response gave idea about the ergonomic principle that achieving high level of spatial congruence is likely to eliminate problem in designing any machines like that of stove. Past ergonomic research has not studies about linkage between hotplate and control, unique and inconsistent linkage was found in these plates. Therefore, Hoffmann and Chan (2011) gave idea about best spatial compatibility and linkage between hotplates and controls. The study findings showed that while trying to develop ergonomically good design, it is necessary to consider mapping and spatial congruence factor. Beside the ergonomic principles, Hoffmann and Chan (2011) also gave idea about taking human factor approach in designing ergonomically good products. This means taking user-centered design approach so that physical and mental characteristic of human users is analyzed to minimize limitations in any equipment design (Szalma, 2014). Hoffmann and Chan, (2011) took user centered approach to investigate about the linkage between hotplates and control by directly asking participants about arrangements that they prefer between controls and hotplates. Such consideration is likely to produce user-friendly designs. Best design based on the results obtained from experiment with the second group: In the study investigating about different spatial arrangement of stove hotplates and controls to the design of four burner stoves, two groups were taken to determine preferred arrangements. The second group were given hotplates locations and asked to place controls. The second approach was useful because as it helped to discriminate arrangements which had high special congruence and high compatibility. In the second method, participants were given seven sets of hotplate/control arrangements (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). The seven designs from the second group were as given in the figure below: Of these seven designs, five designs had high degree of spatial compatibility. Some design had good spatial congruence where as some has good scale value (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). However, to decide the best designs from the seven designs, my criteria for best designs includes spatial congruence and good operability of the stove. Hence, I would prefer those designs that has good spatial congruence and had practical arrangements that are marketing to use on a daily basis. According to my preference, best design is one that has high efficiency for operation and good practical arrangements. I would also prefer a design that has more space on the front instead of back. Hence, in terms of these criterions for selecting best stove design, I choose design 3 as the best design for four plate stove. This is because design 3 has spatial congruence and it has more stave on the front of the stove too. This would enhance practice use of the stoves. The study also proved that designs that have high spatial congruence between controls and hotplates are preferred by people. Suggestion for HMI improvements in design: Design 3 had good spatial congruence and good expectancies, which was main reason for nominating this stove as the best design. However, based on human-machine interface (HMI) system, another HMI related improvement that I would want in the stove designs includes the following: Firstly, apart from high expectancy of operation, I would suggest that stove should also be designed by considering safety standards needed in design. Hence, instead of deciding location of hotplates and controls based on spatial congruence, the arrangement that promotes best safety standard should also be considered (Sabattini et al., 2017). In the study by Hoffmann and Chan, (2011), preference rating method was used to evaluate responses of participants related to best designs. For stoves design, best design should also be decided on the basis of well-designed HMI system. HMI system is the tool that enhances reliable operation of any machine (Khairnar et al., 2015). Focus on well-considered HMI design is important because HMI systems are the main contact point between machine and the user. Hence, a good HMI system may help users to give better preference to such products. Therefore, it is suggested to considered ways to optimize users experience by focusing both on ergonomic operation as well as contemporary styles of stoves. Manufacturers who are aiming to adapt an intuitive design for stoves should also pay attention to environment consideration to meet system durability requirements in HMI (Boy, 2017). Reference Boy, G. A. (Ed.). (2017).The handbook of human-machine interaction: a human-centered design approach. CRC Press. Hoffmann, E. R., Chan, A. H. (2011). Alternative approaches to the design of four-burner stoves. economics,54(9), 777-791. Khairnar, P. P., Wanjara, A. G., Bhosale, R., Kamble, S. (2015). Human machine interface.Multidisciplinary Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 31-35. Kirkham, A. J., Tipper, S. P. (2015). Spatial compatibility interference effects: a double dissociation between two measures.Visual cognition,23(8), 1043-1060. Sabattini, L., Villani, V., Czerniak, J. N., Mertens, A., Fantuzzi, C. (2017). Methodological approach for the design of a complex inclusive human-machine system.arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.08461. Szalma, J. L. (2014). On the application of motivation theory to human factors/ergonomics: Motivational design principles for humanpsychology interaction.Human factors,56(8), 1453-1471.

Light In August By Faulkner Essays - Modernist Literature

Light in August by Faulkner "...a man's future is inherent in that man..." -Faulkner Faulkner's Light in August is a metaphor. In fact it is many metaphors, almost infinitely many. It is a jumble of allusions, themes, portraits, all of them uniquely important, many of them totally unrelated. In fact no 20th century writer has even approached the sheer quantity of symbolism Faulkner packed into every page, with, perhaps, the exception of James Joyce who went so far as to surpass Faulkner in this regard. So obviously it would be foolish to attempt to trace every line, follow every branch to its root, one could spend a lifetime dissecting the book in this manner. Fortunately, in the midst of this menagerie of wonders, there are dominate themes. There are veins of meaning that permeate throughout. Chief among them; Faulkner's study of 20th century man's search for identity, and his compassionate portrait of the origins of evil. I have come from Alabama a fur piece (Faulkner, p.3). The reader begins the book in this manner, following the simple-minded and determined Lena as she travels, neither coming nor going, simply moving. Immediately the book draws into her past, relating events leading up to this point, explaining her motives. One gets a definite feel for her character, and settles into her narrative, but as soon as this happens, the book switches gears, turning instead to a vague character, Joe Christmas. With little introduction, or warning, the book reels into Joe's past, catching the reader totally unaware and throwing off the entire continuity of the book. Faulkner's desire for unity and coherence in the pattern is not as strong as is his desire for truth to individual response (Reed, p.123). Thus Lena is a frame, she serves only to accentuate Christmas's story, by contrast. Faulkner demands the reader follow, and realize this. So we now see Christmas's childhood. From the beginning, Christmas is two things. One, he is a totally clean slate in that he has no idea whatsoever of his past, his origins. He is neither predestined to good nor evil, simply born. By this same token, Christmas is left confused. Because he has no idea of his origins, he has no idea of self, even to the extent of not being sure of his race. Christmas is thoroughly alone in the world, irredeemably separate from everyone. "Well, here I am" (Faulkner, p.134). This is the first thing The boy Christmas says. A fitting statement on his utter aloneness. While Christmas is emotionally alone, he is not left alone by others. Light in August reiterates its themes by a series of different dramatic scenes acted by different examples of the same types (Gold, p.41). McEarhern and the dietitian are essentially the same: Authority figures who try to force on him their own ideas of who he is, or who they want him to be. And the two, identical, dramatic scenes acted by different examples of the same types, are these: When Christmas is carried off by the insane janitor, and when Christmas faints after spending hours standing while McEarhern tries to force him to learn a pointless Catechism. Both scenes involve Christmas's inability to resist, as authority figures try to determine who he will be. Both scenes end with Christmas being more confused than ever, yet more unwilling than ever to commit to either picture of him self. The dietitian does all in her power to convict Christmas of being a Negro, and then, his foster father, McEarhern, tries to force on Christmas an ideology totally foreign to him. McEarhern uses extreme Calvinism to mold Christmas into a purely moral person, while the dietitian tries to force Christmas into a state of immorality, or at least portray him as such. Forces beyond his control work against him, trying to force him in ways he is not, sending him in contradicting paths. Inevitably he rebels against these forces, finding refuge in immorality, a whore, and later going so far as to strike out against his oppressor, his own father, killing him. This final act of defiance is not so much an act of pure malice, but rather an irrepressible reaction to the extreme Calvinism. So extreme morality has led Christmas to an act