Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Transformation of Procter Gamble Into a Sustainable...

The Transformation of Procter Gamble into a Sustainable Serial Innovator A New CEO It is June 6, 2010. A few minutes before a business meeting in California A.G. Lafley, Procter Gamble ´s President – Global Beauty Care and North America receives a phone call from John Pepper, Chairman of PG. John Pepper gets right to the point: â€Å"Are you prepared to accept the CEO job at PG?† Durk Jager who has been PG ´s CEO resigned the day before after 30 years of service for PG. Without too many questions A.G. Lafley accepts John Pepper ´s offer. He becomes PG ´s new CEO. What happened under Durk Jager PG is renowned for its innovations. Products such as Tide, the first synthetic detergent, or Pampers, the first mass disposable diaper, or†¦show more content†¦Lafley underwrites the strategy that Jager pursued. He, too, feels the need for more innovation. And also in Lafley ´s mind the new global product-based organization structure is the right one in order to get more advantage out of innovations (see Att. 1 for PG ´s organization structure, and Att. 2 for PG ´s Purpose Statement). But when Lafley takes over as CEO he sees the need to improve PG ´s execution, and to take much better care and to grow the core business which has been milked before in order to invest in new brands and products. Under his leadership PG focuses on a few simple but powerful topics: †¢ PG puts the consumer at the center of everything they do. Lafley coins the phrase: â€Å"The consumer is boss†. †¢ PG makes sustainable organic growth the priority instead of acquisitions. †¢ PG ´s opens up its innovation system, it innovates innovation. This latter change towards an open innovation system is probably the most revolutionary one. It is based on the following simple logic: PG has about 9000 employees in RD working in 150 scientific fields. And the potential of this RD organization has even grown over the last few years as the sharing of ideas and expertise and the formation of networks is being fostered through intranet sites such as PG ´s InnovationNet. PG has close to 30,000 patents and each year another 5,000 are added on average. But on the other hand, counting the numberShow MoreRelatedI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesCross Cultural Comparison of India and China’, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad paper; Goel et al summarise some of the existing approaches as follows: ‘leader manager’ (Mill, 1848; Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1986; McClelland, 1961); ‘innovator’ (Schumpeter, 1934); ‘risk taker’ (Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1986); ‘with internal locus of control’ (Rotter, 1966; as in B H, 1986); and ‘different from managers’ (Penrose); quoting Cunnigham and Lischeron (1991), who understood the term from theRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesinstance, the rate above is an annual rate. The variance that is entered into the model also has to be an 13 annualized variance. The variance, estimated from ln(asset prices), can be annualized easily because variances are linear in time if the serial correlation is zero. 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Thursday, December 19, 2019

A Brief Note On Air And Water Pollution - 964 Words

There was a unique policy window for air and water pollution because of the fast growing involvement with the Environmental movement. On April 22nd 1970 the nation held it s first Earth Day. Americans were eager to participate to demonstrate their loyalty to the planet. This accompanied by Nixon and other policy entrepreneurs ability to obtain a better solution to the air quality problem, resulted in the Clean Air Act. It was easier to generate the public’s support because public health became such a concern. Environmental issues were becoming visible to those who didn t care before. The Cuyahoga River fire in Ohio was one of many problems being discovered by the public. The Santa Barbra oil spill and large amounts of smog in cities like Los Angeles, all allowed people to see the real issues with pollution. Pollution became such a visible issue to the public because it directly affected them, they were more inclined to support environmental policy. Once the public made it clear that air pollution was a major concern, President Richard Nixon began to aggressively support the environmental issues. After the massive participation in the first Earth Day in 1970, Nixon signed an executive order to establish the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA was created to be primarily in control of the Clean Air Act regulations and enforcement. Senator Edmund Muskie was another key political entrepreneur for the CAA. It was believed to be that Muskie was going to be Nixon sShow MoreRelatedPositive helpful Technology Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pagesthey enter college and work force. Even the environment is impacted when we stop to take the time to research the things we use like lawn mowers, so much pollution can be avoided just by using the new advancements of electric lawn mowers, and engines and now that we have this new technology our environment can be less impacted by the pollution the once had produced. Technology has had ma ny positive helpful affects on , health , education, and the environment Positive technology has led to the abilityRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Life Quality1367 Words   |  6 Pagesits realm. Somebody praises this policy and proposes that such a policy of no speed limits for highways should be spread worldwide. While others who are conservative keep opposite because of fuel consumption, pollution, and safety. Although car emission contributes a lot to the entire pollution in the world, with a high fuel taxation policy and ensured traffic safety by car and highway quality, speed limits for highways are not indispensable. The very concern about speed limits for highways isRead MoreGuinea Grass And The Mango Tree1627 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironments do require significant physiological alterations necessary to survive. For example, the Atacama Desert is devoid of all forms of life. This absence of fauna and vegetation stems from the intense heat that eviscerates all potential sources of water and energy, which are major factors in sustaining life (Mullen). Therefore, the temperature of an ecosystem prognosticates whether or not there will be an abundance of life. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the Ebola virus are diseases thatRead MoreSci 275 Couse Syllabus1980 Words   |  8 Pagescourse focuses on the causes of, impacts of, and solutions to environmental issues. Students identify global environmental issues as well as develop and critique environmental action plans. Topics include ecosystems, energy, populations, resources, pollution, and sustainability. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: †¢ †¢ University policies: You must be logged into the student websiteRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Computer In Business1665 Words   |  7 Pagescompletely changed the way society operated decades ago. The purpose of this article is to discuss three advantages and disadvantages of the Information System in Business that I have experienced and the consequences of using computers; as well as a brief acknow ledgement on computer ethics and the impact of computers in society. Research findings indicate that the use of computers do pose positive effects on the continuous achievements of numerous industries, but regardless of the generation, computersRead MoreMulti Disciplinary Nature of Environmnental Studies1828 Words   |  8 Pagesconservation ,environment pollution ,social issues and environment ,human population and environment and sustainable development . THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF THE STUDY 1 Environment and economics- economic growth and environmental balance- to achieve a higher economic growth ,resources have to be exploited and used in a proper way.. if resources are not exploited and pollution is formed ,this leads to low economic growth. Eg. BOP pollution control and environment- pollution today has a very highRead MoreNarrative Essay on Our Tour1488 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent ones. We witnessed the different changes our money went through the different periods in history. They even had rare artifacts like the notes we had throughout the Japanese invasion during the World War II and the 100,000-piso centennial note, measuring 8 1/2 x 14 ,accredited by the Guinness Book of Records as the world s biggest legal tender note. There were also several pieces of religious art created by Filipino artists. Not only did the museum feature Philippine money, they also hadRead MoreEvaluation Of Single Cylinder Direct Injection Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper presents exergetic evaluation of single cylinder direct injection, water cooled diesel engine at varying operating conditions. Normally, first law of thermodynamics has been used to analyze the engine cycle process. However recent research indicates that the first law o f thermodynamics is inadequate to study the diesel engine performance. Exergy analysis is used to determine in detail the amounts of losses in a system and locations where they occur, and the processes that cause them soRead MoreAt Some Point In Our Day Regardless Of Social Standing1731 Words   |  7 Pagesstill have a fair supply remaining. However, none the less even in a recent survey done by the institute for energy research, â€Å"they found the even in 2014 the demand for oil increase across the board by about 16 percent† (***). They also made sure to note that, this was even with all the energy conservation acts happening too, like the new drive for solar and wind power. The answer that could explain why we can see such a spike in resource consumption, can come down to simply looking at the earth’sRead MoreThe Concept Of Special Health Care Needs1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthem to such ailment. Specifically, the report put forth that an approximate composition of twenty-five percent of African-American children suffer chronic disorders and therefore belong to the special health care needs category. It is important to note and mention that this is the highest percentage as compared to children of different races. The other races affected are Latino (11%), Asian/Pacific Islander with (9%) and the whites at (21%) (www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/HA_ALPHA_REPORTS.htm)

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Multidisciplinary Research In Engineering - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multidisciplinary Research In Engineering? Answer: Introduction Compatibility is defined as the capacity for two systems to work together without any interference (Kirkham Tipper, 2015). The article by Hoffmann and Chan (2011) mainly gave idea about compatibility by examining the design and spatial relationship for designing four-burner stoves. The concept of compatibility was explained by looking at spatial management of stove hotplates and their associated controls. The aim of the research was to examine compatibility between controls and hotplates to improve spatial relations. The research mainly pointed out that compatibility between two systems is dependent on spatial relationship. For example, stimulus displays vary with changes in spatial characteristics and spatial arrangement of stimuli decides response elements. The article by Hoffmann and Chan, (2011) proposed improving the compatibility and spatial relationship of four stove burner by displacing the hotplates or to change the design of the controls. Hence, the evidence mainly reveale d that level of compatibility is dependent on spatial organization. Another concept described in the article is about congruence. Congruence is a term on engineering field which refers to the congruence of two objects if they have same shape and size. Hence, spatial congruence is dependent on geometric congruity of two objects. Just like spatial compatibility, by Hoffmann and Chan (2011) analyzed spatial congruence in four plate stove and showed that spatial congruence is necessary to determine stereotype strength. The researcher tried to change location of control and stove. Congruence between control and hotplate was achieved when they were placed in a spatially similar location. Hence, the concept of spatial congruence helped the researcher to design the best arrangement for controls and hotplates. 100 responses were received when hotplate was arranged in a geometrically similar manner to control arrangement. Implications for ergonomic principles and human factor principle By reviewing the spatial compatibility and spatial congruence between control and hotplates while designing four plate stove, the study gave implications about human factors and ergonomic principles in the context of stove designs. For instance, the importance of controlling the line of symmetry of the hotplates was displayed by the researcher. The analysis of response gave idea about the ergonomic principle that achieving high level of spatial congruence is likely to eliminate problem in designing any machines like that of stove. Past ergonomic research has not studies about linkage between hotplate and control, unique and inconsistent linkage was found in these plates. Therefore, Hoffmann and Chan (2011) gave idea about best spatial compatibility and linkage between hotplates and controls. The study findings showed that while trying to develop ergonomically good design, it is necessary to consider mapping and spatial congruence factor. Beside the ergonomic principles, Hoffmann and Chan (2011) also gave idea about taking human factor approach in designing ergonomically good products. This means taking user-centered design approach so that physical and mental characteristic of human users is analyzed to minimize limitations in any equipment design (Szalma, 2014). Hoffmann and Chan, (2011) took user centered approach to investigate about the linkage between hotplates and control by directly asking participants about arrangements that they prefer between controls and hotplates. Such consideration is likely to produce user-friendly designs. Best design based on the results obtained from experiment with the second group: In the study investigating about different spatial arrangement of stove hotplates and controls to the design of four burner stoves, two groups were taken to determine preferred arrangements. The second group were given hotplates locations and asked to place controls. The second approach was useful because as it helped to discriminate arrangements which had high special congruence and high compatibility. In the second method, participants were given seven sets of hotplate/control arrangements (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). The seven designs from the second group were as given in the figure below: Of these seven designs, five designs had high degree of spatial compatibility. Some design had good spatial congruence where as some has good scale value (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). However, to decide the best designs from the seven designs, my criteria for best designs includes spatial congruence and good operability of the stove. Hence, I would prefer those designs that has good spatial congruence and had practical arrangements that are marketing to use on a daily basis. According to my preference, best design is one that has high efficiency for operation and good practical arrangements. I would also prefer a design that has more space on the front instead of back. Hence, in terms of these criterions for selecting best stove design, I choose design 3 as the best design for four plate stove. This is because design 3 has spatial congruence and it has more stave on the front of the stove too. This would enhance practice use of the stoves. The study also proved that designs that have high spatial congruence between controls and hotplates are preferred by people. Suggestion for HMI improvements in design: Design 3 had good spatial congruence and good expectancies, which was main reason for nominating this stove as the best design. However, based on human-machine interface (HMI) system, another HMI related improvement that I would want in the stove designs includes the following: Firstly, apart from high expectancy of operation, I would suggest that stove should also be designed by considering safety standards needed in design. Hence, instead of deciding location of hotplates and controls based on spatial congruence, the arrangement that promotes best safety standard should also be considered (Sabattini et al., 2017). In the study by Hoffmann and Chan, (2011), preference rating method was used to evaluate responses of participants related to best designs. For stoves design, best design should also be decided on the basis of well-designed HMI system. HMI system is the tool that enhances reliable operation of any machine (Khairnar et al., 2015). Focus on well-considered HMI design is important because HMI systems are the main contact point between machine and the user. Hence, a good HMI system may help users to give better preference to such products. Therefore, it is suggested to considered ways to optimize users experience by focusing both on ergonomic operation as well as contemporary styles of stoves. Manufacturers who are aiming to adapt an intuitive design for stoves should also pay attention to environment consideration to meet system durability requirements in HMI (Boy, 2017). Reference Boy, G. A. (Ed.). (2017).The handbook of human-machine interaction: a human-centered design approach. CRC Press. Hoffmann, E. R., Chan, A. H. (2011). Alternative approaches to the design of four-burner stoves. economics,54(9), 777-791. Khairnar, P. P., Wanjara, A. G., Bhosale, R., Kamble, S. (2015). Human machine interface.Multidisciplinary Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 31-35. Kirkham, A. J., Tipper, S. P. (2015). Spatial compatibility interference effects: a double dissociation between two measures.Visual cognition,23(8), 1043-1060. Sabattini, L., Villani, V., Czerniak, J. N., Mertens, A., Fantuzzi, C. (2017). Methodological approach for the design of a complex inclusive human-machine system.arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.08461. Szalma, J. L. (2014). On the application of motivation theory to human factors/ergonomics: Motivational design principles for humanpsychology interaction.Human factors,56(8), 1453-1471.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Light In August By Faulkner Essays - Modernist Literature

Light in August by Faulkner "...a man's future is inherent in that man..." -Faulkner Faulkner's Light in August is a metaphor. In fact it is many metaphors, almost infinitely many. It is a jumble of allusions, themes, portraits, all of them uniquely important, many of them totally unrelated. In fact no 20th century writer has even approached the sheer quantity of symbolism Faulkner packed into every page, with, perhaps, the exception of James Joyce who went so far as to surpass Faulkner in this regard. So obviously it would be foolish to attempt to trace every line, follow every branch to its root, one could spend a lifetime dissecting the book in this manner. Fortunately, in the midst of this menagerie of wonders, there are dominate themes. There are veins of meaning that permeate throughout. Chief among them; Faulkner's study of 20th century man's search for identity, and his compassionate portrait of the origins of evil. I have come from Alabama a fur piece (Faulkner, p.3). The reader begins the book in this manner, following the simple-minded and determined Lena as she travels, neither coming nor going, simply moving. Immediately the book draws into her past, relating events leading up to this point, explaining her motives. One gets a definite feel for her character, and settles into her narrative, but as soon as this happens, the book switches gears, turning instead to a vague character, Joe Christmas. With little introduction, or warning, the book reels into Joe's past, catching the reader totally unaware and throwing off the entire continuity of the book. Faulkner's desire for unity and coherence in the pattern is not as strong as is his desire for truth to individual response (Reed, p.123). Thus Lena is a frame, she serves only to accentuate Christmas's story, by contrast. Faulkner demands the reader follow, and realize this. So we now see Christmas's childhood. From the beginning, Christmas is two things. One, he is a totally clean slate in that he has no idea whatsoever of his past, his origins. He is neither predestined to good nor evil, simply born. By this same token, Christmas is left confused. Because he has no idea of his origins, he has no idea of self, even to the extent of not being sure of his race. Christmas is thoroughly alone in the world, irredeemably separate from everyone. "Well, here I am" (Faulkner, p.134). This is the first thing The boy Christmas says. A fitting statement on his utter aloneness. While Christmas is emotionally alone, he is not left alone by others. Light in August reiterates its themes by a series of different dramatic scenes acted by different examples of the same types (Gold, p.41). McEarhern and the dietitian are essentially the same: Authority figures who try to force on him their own ideas of who he is, or who they want him to be. And the two, identical, dramatic scenes acted by different examples of the same types, are these: When Christmas is carried off by the insane janitor, and when Christmas faints after spending hours standing while McEarhern tries to force him to learn a pointless Catechism. Both scenes involve Christmas's inability to resist, as authority figures try to determine who he will be. Both scenes end with Christmas being more confused than ever, yet more unwilling than ever to commit to either picture of him self. The dietitian does all in her power to convict Christmas of being a Negro, and then, his foster father, McEarhern, tries to force on Christmas an ideology totally foreign to him. McEarhern uses extreme Calvinism to mold Christmas into a purely moral person, while the dietitian tries to force Christmas into a state of immorality, or at least portray him as such. Forces beyond his control work against him, trying to force him in ways he is not, sending him in contradicting paths. Inevitably he rebels against these forces, finding refuge in immorality, a whore, and later going so far as to strike out against his oppressor, his own father, killing him. This final act of defiance is not so much an act of pure malice, but rather an irrepressible reaction to the extreme Calvinism. So extreme morality has led Christmas to an act

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Rossettis poems are an odd mixture of revelation and secrecy. Write about Winter My Secret and Maude Clare Essay Example

Rossettis poems are an odd mixture of revelation and secrecy. Write about Winter: My Secret and Maude Clare Essay Christina Rossetti is often calculated as a secretive, enigmatic character. Much is assumed about her from her poetry though little is actually known. It is difficult to draw conclusions from her poems regarding their content and meaning due to their intentional ambiguity. It is still debatable what messages, if any, many of her poems may be trying to convey.In Winter: My Secret, though the title insinuates that there is a secret, it is unclear as to whether Rossetti is writing about an existing secret or about the concept of a secret. The original manuscript of the poem was titled Nonsense and so there is a possibility that all it is, is nonsense that there is no secret or message within the poem and that the poem is purely an expression of poetic ability.However, the poems contents lead the reader to believe that there is a secret you may guess insinuates that there is a secret, in comparison to I wont tell which, to some, implies that there is nothing to tell. Also, through the use of questions, Rossetti keeps them intrigued as to what the secret is. She implies with each question that there is in fact a secret, as she is prolonging her having to tell her secret by repeating questions. Naturally, people would repeat and ask alternate questions to try and avoid answering the first question, and so this suggests that the narrator is applying this reflex naturally, rather than them intentionally teasing the reader.Winter: My Secret begins as if mid-conversation, and so there is already some speculation about what the narrator is setting the poem in relation to. It also ends without a solid conclusion as to whether there is a secret, what that secret is, and whether it will ever be disclosed. Though there is no revelation about the secret, the poem is fuelled with secrecy and not only in the sense that it is about a secret. Rossetti covertly discusses the secret through a series of associations with irrelevant things, such as the weather and seasons, none of which actually enhance understanding of the secret itself.Winter: My Secret appears to be a narrative poem about someone who is afraid of getting hurt emotionally, and so hides herself away from any potential loves. I cannot ope to every one who taps depicts the idea that this love-coy narrator is very wary of who she lets into her life, as every new acquaintance has the potential to hurt her.The idea that the poem is about someone who keeps her heart a secret is supported by:I wear my mask for warmth: who ever showsHis nose to Russian snowsTo be pecked at by every wind that blows?In that the wind is a changeable force that represents other people and their fickle nature. The nose in place of the heart, as it has stronger senses and awareness. Russian snows as love, as it is the harshest form of its kind, and pecking as being hurt by other people. You would not peck? I thank you for good will supports this further, as it can be translated as someone offering her love and telling her that they wouldnt hurt her and the narrator rejecting them Believe, but leave that truth untested still.The narrator continues to relate the secret to the seasons, which complicates the opinion that the secret is the means to her heart. She dismisses spring as the season in which shed expose her secret because of the vulnerability of the frosted flowers and the sunless hours which discourage her from revealing her secret as she may be pecked at.Rossetti describes summer as languid and ongoing, and as the most prosperous season where the golden fruit is ripening to excess and thus when her secret is most likely to survive untainted. The seasons may be portrayals of different love interests. It is unclear whether they are, and then if they are, whether or not they can be applied to Rossettis personal life.In Maude Clare, the narrator never discloses why Maude Clare and the Lord parted, or even officially what relationship the two of them had. There is a sense that the narrator inte ntionally keeps these details a secret, as if to protect their Lord. Furthermore, throughout Maude Clare, the narrator remains anonymous adding to the idea of secrecy within the poem.The poem progressively introduces Maude Clare. In the first stanza she is mentioned only as like a queen. Its not until stanza eight that she becomes known as Lady Maude Clare and is formally given status. As Maude Clare begins to describe her gifts to the Lord and Lady Nell, it becomes clearer as to what her position within their lives is or had been. Though assumptions can be made that Maude Clare was the Lords true love before replacement Nell take my share of a fickle heart it is unclear of exactly what their past is, thus adding to the mystery of the poem as so little is known about their history.Maude Clare was originally forty-one stanzas long. In the original Maude Clare, the characters within the poem were represented and received very differently to how they are in the commonly referenced tw elve-stanza poem. The fact that there are two published texts of the same poem by Christina Rossetti tell us a lot about how she writes and makes apparent the lack of a primarily thematic approach. The differences between the original poem and the 1862 version also show that Rossetti has a clear priority, to address the presentation of her poetry to a desired standard rather than its contents. Her ability to write objectively disproves assumptions that her poetry represents portions of her own life. Therefore, assumptions that her poems are secretive may be dismissed also, as the enigmatic manner throughout her poems may be as a result of editing to benefit the presentation of the poem in place of its contents, and not because she is indirectly sharing her secrets through her poems.Rossetti cryptically ties the meanings of her poems, if any deliberate meaning at all, to the content of the poem. Thus any revelation to be found about Rossetti is easily misinterpreted and often disagre ed over.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

If Only Writers Put the Word Only in the Right Place

If Only Writers Put the Word Only in the Right Place Read the following two sentences quickly. They mean the same thing, right? Now go back down and read them again, more carefully this time.Susan only submitted the manuscript of her novel to three literary agencies.Susan submitted the manuscript of her novel to only three literary agencies.Ever hear of a misplaced modifier? The term encompasses many possible grammatical errors, but essentially, a misplaced modifier is a descriptive word or phrase that is not placed next to the noun or other word it modifies, thereby creating either awkwardness in reading or incorrect syntax, or both. In this article, Im going to briefly tell you about one of the most common examples, one that is a pet peeve of mine and of copy editors everywhere: the use and misuse of the simple word only.This is one of those grammar rules that most people (including yours truly) very often dont follow in speech or in informal writing. In speech, the incorrect usage is probably even more common than the correct usage: ask yourself if, when speaking, you would be more likely to say the first sentence or the second sentence above. The first, right? Be honest, now. For this reason, it is an error that needs editing in every single manuscript that comes across my desk, even those by the most experienced and published authors. Too picky, you might say- but remember: formal, professional writing isnt the same as speech, and a construction that might not sound awkward in speech or look awkward in an e-mail isnt necessarily the most effective way to frame a sentence in fiction (or in any other formal writing). Being picky sometimes means being a professional.The sentences above, if you read them out loud, might have the same meaning to your ear. But a closer look on the page reveals that their meanings are vastly different. The most important thing to keep in mind when writing- after, you know, stuff such as spelling words correctly and creating an effective plot and characters- is to never confuse your readers. This doesnt mean you should never intentionally mislead the reader of your mystery novel into thinking the wrong person did it, or leave ambiguous the ending of your thriller in order to leave room for a sequel. It means that the meaning you are trying to convey within each word, each sentence, is never in question when you dont intend it to be. If it is, readers become distracted from the world of your book (or story, or essay), and youve lost their attention.The first sentence in my example, Susan only submitted the manuscript of her novel to three literary agencies, does not convey the authors intended meaning. Why? Because only precedes the word submitted, which is not the word it is meant to modify. As written, the sentence tells us that Susan did nothing but submit her manuscript to three literary agencies. She didnt submit it to publishers. She didnt enter it into writing contests. She didnt have it bound and engraved. (Dont do that, by the way, if youre planning to send your own manuscript to anyone.) In fact, if were reading the sentence very strictly, she didnt do anything else at all but submit. She didnt even get out of bed and brush her teeth that morning. She only submitted.Now look at the second sentence, Susan submitted the manuscript of her novel to only three literary agencies. Aha! Do you get the difference? Susan submitted to only three literary agencies. This construction leaves no room for doubt. She didnt submit to any fewer or any more agencies than three. Period. This construction is not only clearer, but it also emphasizes more strongly the sentences significance to whatever story its a part of: namely, that Susan didnt submit her manuscript to very many agencies. This simple rearrangement of words eliminates ambiguity and improves clarity and specificity.But its not only about clarity. After all, most people would probably understand what you meant if you wrote the first sentence. But isnt there something a little more eleg ant, a little more professional about the second sentence? If you agree, do this exercise. It wont take you long to complete it, and your computer will help. Go through your entire manuscript right now, and do a global search for the word only. Make sure, in each instance, it appears, that its in the proper place within the sentence. If not, fix it. Now was that so hard? And I guarantee that after doing this exercise, my little tip will stick in your mind, and the next work you write will use only correctly much more often. But since, as I said, its a mistake thats generally accepted in speech, its a mistake easily overlooked in writing. So always keep your eyes open for it.The proper placement of the word is not always as clear-cut as it is in my examples at the top, and there may be instances where moving only to immediately before or after the word it modifies makes your sentence read awkwardly. As always with grammar rules, use your judgment and tailor this one to your own work and to each sentence within that work. But if you ever see that the sentences clarity is in doubt, this is an easy way to eliminate that doubt while making your writing that much more professional and elegant.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Iraq War Vietnam Revisited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Iraq War Vietnam Revisited - Essay Example is making attempts to form an Iraqi legitimate state contrary to a background of insurgency, resulting in American death tolls and slight approval at home" (Grigg 12). "In Vietnam, we were making attempts to support the government that possessed too little legitimacy. But in Iraq, we're making attempts to form a government as well as back it up in such a way that it can advance legitimacy. And the things are utterly difficult to fulfill," explained W. Andrew Terrill (29). American policymakers have turned down ideas that Iraq, currently a major American battle-front front against terrorism, represents a Vietnam-like morass for 135,000 American troops that are inside the country. Though, for example, Terrill and Record consider there are very few war similarities between Iraq and Vietnam, when Communist armed forces supported by the U.S.S.R. and China defeated 500,000 U American troops (20). Despite this facts and ideas the authors of the report called Iraq and Vietnam: Differences, Similarities and Insights caution against dreadful after-effects in the case when the Vietnamese political lessons leave unnoticed. "Reiteration of those Iraqi debacles might result in pernicious after-effects for the American foreign policy," they add (57). The Vietnam War took the lives of not only 58,000 Americans but of 3,000,000 Vietnamese as well. Undoubtedly neither the U.S.A. nor the Iraqi people nor the rest of the world wants to see such horror events once again. Some experts consider that resemblance between Iraq and Vietnam is shallow but at the same time deep. This shallow resemblance is fully understandable and must serve just to attract our attention. Though the deeper resemblance must form policy and compel to choose alternatives that should appeal to our fears if they can result in the outcome possibly even more disastrous than during the Vietnam War (Hanson 33). America's involvement in Vietnam has, as a result, attracted much critical scrutiny, frequently addressed to the question, "Who was guilty" - "Who led the United States into this tragedy" A more enlightening question, it seems, is "How and why did this tragedy occur" The study of Vietnam should be a search for explanation and understanding, rather than for scapegoats. Focusing on one important period in this long and complicated story-the brief but critical months from November 1964 to July 1965, when America crossed the threshold from limited to large-scale war in Vietnam - helps to answer that question. For the crucial decisions of this period resulted from the interplay of longstanding ideological attitudes, diplomatic assumptions, and political pressures with decisive contemporaneous events in America and Vietnam (Powell 73). Victory in World War II produced a sea change in America's perception of its role in world affairs. Political leaders of both parties embraced a sweepingly new vision of the